The Falkland Islands and South Atlantic
WEST FALKLAND TRAVELLING TEACHERSFrank Marsh Green Hill, Chartres and travelling teacher Dave Eynon, 1960s

Glimpses of the past- WEST FALKLAND TRAVELLING TEACHERS

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    Joyce and Miss Aldridge under the honeysuckle at the old house (Manybranch?). Courtesy of Derek Lee
  • school-early-60s
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    The school at Fox Bay East in the Government paddock. Built in 1956 to replace the old Nissen hut.

Some settlements and larger farms such as Fox Bay and Port Howard later had their own settlement schools. Travelling teachers still work their beats to outlying settlements farms and camp houses, teaching children up to age 11 when they go to Stanley school.

The West posed particular problems for Camp Education and travelling teachers.  All problems for or with or for the teacher had to be addressed by Magistrate at Fox Bay who further passed letters and reports back and forth from the Colonial Secretary who in turn might find it necessary to consult the Governor himself. As everything went by mail ships to and from Stanley this inevitably took time.
Parents had to buy books for their children. There is a ‘School Material Return’ for February 1899 listing material sold and materials on hand. These returns were submitted to the Stipendiary Magistrate at Fox Bay and were sent onwards to the authorities in Stanley.
The settlements and camp houses allocated to a traveling teacher  were known as his ‘beat’. It was the responsibility of the shepherd at whose camp the teacher was currently at to provide accommodation, food and horses. It was his duty to ride to meet the teacher and guide him to his own camp and also to escort him to meet the shepherd next on his beat. One beat on West Falkland included Leicester Creek (G McKay family), Port Edgar (E F Smith family),Teal River (Angus McLaren family), Crooked Inlet (Edward Summers family), Little Chartres (McAskill family) and Dunbar (John Goodwin family).
A teacher would stay for two weeks (or thereabouts), teaching and setting a programme of homework hopefully to be completed in his absence. In the old records at Fox Bay, West Falklands there are parents’ letters of opinion about a situation regarding the horse bought for the first travelling school teacher, J Duncan. The letters are well written with good spelling showing that at least one parent had had an adequate education maybe in Scotland before emigrating and was perhaps well capable of teaching their own children reading and writing skills.  There is the odd one that shows very basic literacy but the writers were still able to write well enough to clearly express their opinion on the matter.
Mr Duncan seems to have had a few problems coping with some places on his beat. He had registered a protest against teaching at Mc Askills, Little Chartres, about his accommodation. In January 1899 the Fox Bay Magistrate Hurst had reported to the Colonial Secretary in Stanley that ‘Dr Keay had very recently slept in the same room without any more inconvenience than generally met with in the shepherd’s house.’
There is a letter dated 17th July 1899 (midwinter) from G McKay, Leicester Creek teacher to Mr J Duncan who was waiting at Little Chartres to be moved on;
Mr McKay writes: Owing to the whooping cough being at the Little Chartres I think it best for me not to come for you this time and by the time you are back to the Chartres I will not be able to come for you therefore I will have to do without your services.
Mr Duncan replied: I may add in conclusion that the above seems to me a very shallow device for getting rid of the trouble of going for the schoolmaster as I know of several people who have stayed at his house after leaving here.

The Teacher's Horse 1898/99

Itinerant Teacher Duncan had in 1898/99 requested the parents in his district, to facilitate his movements from house to house by buying him a horse. A few of the parents bought the horse but seeing the horse used for the benefit of those who would not help to pay for it spoke to Mr Duncan and objected.  Mr Duncan recorded this as ‘unpleasantness’ in his diary and promptly sold the horse to Magistrate Hurst (on credit as he was not able to pay) in order to repay the subscribers their money. (At this point Mr Duncan had tried exchanging districts with the other teacher but Hurst thought that Mr Lawrence’s district would object to having Mr Duncan). There followed a spat between teacher Duncan and Magistrate Hurst, the whole sorry story being reported to Stanley and eventually the Governor.  Hurst reported that he considered Mr Duncan was aware that he would be doing away with his means of carrying out his duties by selling the horse;  he also objected to Mr Duncan making him the means of bring the teaching of the children to a standstill.

The subscribers to the horse wanted their money returned. Eventually the Governor intervened in the matter and instructed that the horse was to remain the property of the subscribers and to be used by the teacher to continue with his round of duty. His Excellency also suggested a scheme by which all persons that did not subscribe to the horse should be required to contribute a fixed sum upon each occasion the Schoolmaster visited them. The money raised would go into a fund called ‘Education Travelling Fund’ and would pay for bridles, gear etc. and at some future date a new horse (opinions on the scheme invited but it should be pointed out that all complaints and suggestions should be made to Magistrate Hurst and never to the teachers). The scheme met with opposition, Angus McLaren of Teal River considered that if people had to pay for the teacher each visit few would want him. Some would pay, some wouldn’t pay, some thought it better that it reverted to the original situation when the teacher was passed along using station horses.
The horse incident had unpleasant letters exchanging between Duncan and Magistrate Hurst until the Colonial Secretary threatened Duncan writing: ‘The Governor has read with surprise and regret the communications you have addressed to Mr Hurst with reference to the question of the horse used by you in the performance of your duties. The tone and style of your communication to your superior officer is very unsatisfactory and I am to inform you that unless you comply immediately with the instructions that you have received His Excellency will take serious notice of your conduct.’
In late July or early August 1899 Duncan resigned his post naming his reason for doing so as the accommodation provided. (He had just been staying at Little Chartres). ‘My Chief reason for resigning my situation as schoolmaster is that the lodgings and board provided for me in some places by the government are not such as I was led to believe would be provided with. For instance I have for the past five weeks been sleeping in damp rooms and in damp beds and my health is beginning to suffer from this,’ This letter was signed by J Duncan. The Colonial Secretary replied, through Hurst, that in the absence of a certificate of a Medical Officer as to his ill health, the cause given was not sufficient to give up his post and that consequently the one month’s notice or passages would not be available to him. Further under the terms of his agreement his services would not be required after the homeward Mail in August 1900. On September 8th 1899 Magistrate Hurst reported that ‘J. Duncan had given up his engagement with this Government.’
In January 1902 Itinerant teacher David Meldrum seems to have the beat vacated by J. Duncan, his places visited extended from ‘Beaver Island to Shallow Bay was not in proportion to the number visited by Mr Lawrence.’ Meldrum put in an application for the ‘North Camp’ beat.   Mr McKay of Leicester Creek was refusing to put him along to Crewe Harbour. The teacher had to keep a diary recording a concise summary of work done during each visit and of the work prepared by the children during the intervals of the visits, along with the ages of the children. Every quarter it was supposed to be duly presented to the Magistrate at Fox Bay. The Colonial Secretary complained in July 1902 that Mr Meldrum’s diary for the quarter ended 30th March 1902 seemed to have taken six weeks to reach Magistrate Hurst at Fox Bay before it had been forwarded on to Stanley. Also school on Saturdays did not seem to be happening and it should be remedied.
The new Schoolmaster for the West, J. Slater, seems to have got the ‘North Camp’ as he found his services were ‘not required until after 4th May as their governess’ time did not expire till then (she married). Jas Slater seemed more enthusiastic, accepting good excuses for not having the teacher. Mr Hall (ill, couldn’t fetch teacher), Mr Chas E Lee, New House, Plain (wouldn’t need teacher until summer, children at school in Port Howard), Mr of Purvis (children staying with Mr McLeod, The Ponds, so house shut up) Mr McLeod of The Ponds (no room for the teacher), Mr McAskill, the Saddle (did not arrive to pick me up, no reason sent).
Jas Slater found more difficulties for taking over the teaching at Port Howard when the Governess married. There were three families in Port Howard with ‘three or four Paices, three Skillings and one Braxton’. The cookhouse formerly a used as school was in other use. None of the houses would allow him to take them together (although the boy of Braxton could go to the Paices). Both houses wanted four weeks teaching but he could only give each of the two houses of Paice and Skilling a fortnight. Mr Simpson of Shag Cove wanted him in the winter when all his family was at home.

 


Sources include: Old documents at Fox Bay Post Office. nationalarchives.gov.fk/Jane Cameron National Archives /Buildings/ Land/General/Early leases of land post 1842
Photographs- Marsh family photographs

 

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Photographic credits: Header: Charles Maddocks, Ian Barnes
 
 

 

 

 

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